Expanding Reading 
      Skills:  Intermediate 
      2, 
      2nd Ed. 
Mary Markstein and Louise Hirasawa 
      
Boston, Heinle & Heinle, 1993   
      
      This text is intended for high school and college students or 
      other adults who want to develop their reading skills for academic, 
      personal, and/or career goals.  
      It was designed for ESL students, but can be successfully used with 
      native English speaking adults in developmental reading classes as 
      well. 
      Expanding Reading Skills:  
      Intermediate is the third in a five-book reading program intended 
      to meet the needs of students from the beginning through the advanced 
      levels.  There are five 
      thematic units as well as a research and writing skills unit.  Each unit has three or four 
      reading passages and a variety of reading, writing, discussion, and 
      structured exercises.  The 
      readings are relevant to today’s concerns, and have been chosen from both 
      published and unpublished sources.  
      The five unit topics are:  
      “Fashion and Style”, “Disaster Strikes”, “Across Many Cultures”, 
      “Technology:  Some Interesting 
      Effects On Our Lives”, “How to Improve Your Memory”, and a very valuable 
      additional topic entitled , “Expansion:  Developing Research and Writing 
      Skills.” 
      Each unit begins with an extensive headnote designed to help 
      orient the learners to a good understanding of the context of the topic 
      before they begin reading.  It 
      also provides social and historical information about the topic, so that 
      the readers can relate the text material to previous knowledge and 
      experience. 
      It is recommended that the 
      instructor work directly with students in the first unit.  
      Many students are unaware of the process approach to reading which 
      is in the format of this book.  
      There are three planned readings.  
      The first reading is to be read quickly while the student is 
      looking for the main ideas.  
      In the second reading, the students can browse through the passage 
      taking more time and feel free to look up unfamiliar words in the glossary 
      in the back of the book, or in the dictionary.  
      During the third reading, the students are to read quickly again, 
      and concentrate on understanding the main idea and the meanings of new 
      vocabulary words used in context. 
      
      In 
      the Readers’ Response section of each unit, the students are encouraged to 
      take pen and paper and begin to write about anything of interest in the 
      selection for 15 minutes.  
      Examples of student responses are given so the learners have an 
      idea of what they are to do.  
      After the learners have written down their responses, they have the 
      opportunity to read and listen to each other’s responses.  Then the learners discuss and list 
      what they thought the main ideas were in their own words.  More group interaction is achieved 
      as the students discuss their answers, and students are able to analyze 
      the reading passages in various ways:  multiple choice and true or false 
      questions, match up of numbers, or cross out words that don’t belong.  
      Another section studies vocabulary.  First the learner is to guess the 
      meaning of the italicized word, and then they are to look up the 
      word.  Following this 
      activity, the learners have a close exercise which they are to complete 
      individually, and then discuss why they chose their answers.  Finally, students answer questions 
      which allow them to apply the subject matter to their own lives.  
      In 
      addition to the above which all the units have, Unit 2 adds the reading of 
      charts, and use of idioms, and the use of “it” and to what it refers.  Unit 3 adds dictionary study and 
      special expressions.  Unit 4 
      teaches the learner how to rate something on a scale.  Following Unit 5 about developing 
      memory skills, an extension chapter is included about research and writing 
      skills teaching the table of contents, how to choose a topic to write on, 
      library research, taking notes, quoting and paraphrasing, footnotes and 
      bibliography, interviewing skills, making an outline, the parts of a 
      composition, and the first, revised and final drafts.  
      Overall, this textbook would be an excellent text to use, if 
      the budget would allow each student to have a book.  It is also necessary for this text 
      to be used in a class setting.  
      An individual learner could not very well study this book, because 
      of all the interaction that is required with other students.  An ESL student mixed in class with 
      native English speaking students who are all studying for the GED exam 
      would not be able to use this text, unless the whole class needed this 
      instruction.  Examples of real 
      learners writings on the topics would be very beneficial to the 
      learners.  
      
      If 
      the Intermediate 2 level is for high school and college students, then who 
      are the Advance 1& 2 levels for?  
      It seems that this book would be considered an advanced book, if it 
      was compared to other intermediate texts.  This text does provide for a lot 
      of opportunity-vocabulary, study skills, thinking skills, interacting with 
      others, making choices, and application of what is learned to everyday 
      life.
      Reviewed 
      by:
Jan Branson, ABE/GED/ESL instructor. 
Wichita Area 
      Technical College, Dunbar Campus 
      
      America Writes:  Learning English Through American 
      Short Stories 
J. Kay and 
      R. Gelshenen 
New York, Cambridge University Press, 1998 
      
Intended skill area/level: 
      Advanced ESL Reading 
(Level 6) 
      Format:  Each unit 
      contains pre-reading activities, literary terms, idioms explained, 
      reading, comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, discussion questions, writing 
      suggestions.  There are four 
      units in a chapter, and each chapter ends with analysis, comparison and 
      free-writing activities, frequently confused words, spelling and a review 
      test.  There are five 
      chapters, each revolving around a theme:  “A life lesson,” “The Unexpected 
      twist,” “Irony,” “Family Relationships,” and “Meeting 
      Challenges.”  
      Indices and 
      Charts:  a detailed six-page 
      table of contents, and appendix with a list of common errors, literary 
      terms and irregular verbs, and a thorough index.  
      
      Critique:  The 
      format is pedagogically sound, with pre-reading activities to activate 
      schema, idioms explained to allow students to read otherwise frustrating 
      material at home, surface-level comprehension questions, and activities 
      for developing critical thinking skills.  I especially like the 
      end-of-chapter activities which encourage synthesis of the four readings 
      in light of their common theme.  
      The fact that the vocabulary and grammar exercises refer back to 
      the text helps students make the connection between focused exercises 
      (form) and real-world communication (function).  Short stories are an excellent 
      medium for language instruction.  
      A well-written short story holds the reader’s attention, with no 
      element superfluous to the plot.  
      They often present culture through a sort of artistic lens, 
      magnifying those aspects often invisible to the naked eye.  The wide variety of stories by 
      American authors is also testimony to the diversity of the cultural 
      tapestry we call America, and helps our students understand that there is 
      not one monolithic national culture, as may be the case in their home 
      country.  I intend to try some 
      of these stories in conjunction with the NorthStar High Intermediate 
      Reading text, with the possibility of adopting this text in the near 
      future.  
      Reviewed 
      by:
Peggy A. Hull 
Assistant Professor of ESL 
      
Dodge City Community College
      
      Making 
      Connections 1, An Integrated Approach to learning English 
      
Carolyn Kessler, Linda Lee, 
      Mary Lou McCloskey, Mary Ellen Quinn, and Lydia Stack. 
      
Boston, Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 1996 
      
       Intended Skill 
      areas/levels:  Middle and High 
      School ESL students.  Unit 5 
      through Unit 8 are suited for the Adult intermediate learner.  This text is primarily age 
      appropriate for Middle and High School Students. 
      
       This 
      text is set up in Eight units which are broken down in smaller subject 
      areas.  The firs t four units 
      are subject and age appropriate for in Middle and High School 
      students.  Units 5 through 8 
      can be used for adult students without any modification to fit age and 
      maturity level. 
       The 
      table of contents is very easy to read and the break down of topics is 
      concise. 
       This 
      text is best suited for Junior High or 5th through 8th grades users who 
      have learned survival and street English and are now progressing into more 
      advanced reading and writing.  
      These students should be upper intermediate level in reading and 
      writing skills. 
       The 
      Units 5 through 8 are well suited for the second half of the semester of 
      these Middle School  
      grades.  It is also 
      ideal for adult learners progressing into level 2 or 3 of reading and 
      writing skills.  These adults 
      students will progress very quickly through this text, primarily because 
      they will only be studying English as a second language.  The Middle school students will 
      progress slower because of the need to learn other subject areas 
      material.  The adult learner 
      already has some or most of this other subject material to which to attach 
      the new English.  This text 
      can be used for them for reading literature and writing. 
      
       Reviewed by: 
      
Donald E. Blackman, USA Retired, DAV 
Garden City 
      Community College 
Finney County Community Learning 
      Center 
Garden City, KS